![]() The unbuilt project, called Tatlin's Tower, used spiral forms to symbolize revolution and human interaction. In 1920, Russian architect Vladimir Tatlin proposed a futuristic monument to the Third International (the Communist International) in the city of St. The most famous (and perhaps the first) work of constructivist architecture was never actually built. Constructivist buildings are characterized by a sense of movement and abstract geometric shapes technological details such as antennae, signs, and projection screens and machine-made building parts primarily of glass and steel. Constructivist architects attempted to suggest the idea of humanity's collectivism through the harmonious arrangement of diverse structural elements. Their buildings emphasized abstract geometric shapes and functional machine parts.Ĭonstructivist architecture combined engineering and technology with political ideology. Calling themselves constructivists, they believed that design began with construction. Heritage Images/Getty Images (cropped)ĭuring the 1920s and early 1930s, a group of avant-garde architects in Russia launched a movement to design buildings for the new socialist regime. Organic and Brutalist architecture is sometimes described as Neo-expressionist.Įxpressionist and Neo-expressionist architects include Gunther Domenig, Hans Scharoun, Rudolf Steiner, Bruno Taut, Erich Mendelsohn, the early works of Walter Gropius, and Eero Saarinen.Ĭonstructivist Model of Tatlin's Tower (left) by Vladimir Tatlin and Sketch of Skyscraper on Strastnoy Boulevard in Moscow (right) by El Lissitzky. Sculptural forms suggested rocks and mountains. ![]() Architects in the 1950s and 1960s designed buildings that expressed their feelings about the surrounding landscape. Neo-expressionism built upon expressionist ideas. Key features of Expressionism include the use of distorted shapes, fragmented lines, organic or biomorphic forms, massive sculpted shapes, extensive use of concrete and brick, and lack of symmetry. Many fanciful works were rendered on paper but never built. Marcus Winter via Wikimedia Commons, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic CC BY-SA 2.0)īuilt in 1920, the Einstein Tower or Einsteinturm in Potsdam, Germany is an Expressionist work by architect Erich Mendelsohn.Įxpressionism evolved from the work of avant garde artists and designers in Germany and other European countries during the first decades of the 20th century. Architects, like other artists, build on the past to create the present.Įinstein Tower Observatory, Potsdam, Germany, 1920, Erich Mendelsohn. It is new.Īs you view the images of these modern approaches to building design, notice that modern architects often draw on several design philosophies to create buildings that are startling and unique. Besides being functional, the building's aesthetic rejects its Classical and Gothic surroundings. The rare books library does everything one would expect of modern architecture. The facade is built with thin pieces of Vermont marble framed within granite and concrete clad steel trusses, allowing a filtered natural light through the stone and into the interior spaces - a remarkable technical achievement with natural materials by design architect Gordon Bunshaft and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). The panels on the outer walls where the windows might be are, in fact, windows for a modern rare books library. The 1963 Beinecke Library at Yale University is a good example of modern architecture. Dating these eras only approximates their initial impact on architectural history and society. The photos presented here illustrate an array of architecture - Expressionism, Constructivism, Bauhaus, Functionalism, International, Desert Midcentury Modernism, Structuralism, Formalism, High-tech, Brutalism, Deconstructivism, Minimalism, De Stijl, Metabolism, Organic, Postmodernism, and Parametricism. ![]() It is an evolution in design that first appeared around 1850 - some say it began earlier than that - and continues to this day. Modernism isn't just another architectural style.
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